The Japanese surgeon Hanaoka Seishū is the first to use general anaesthesia
Hanaoka Seishū was a Japanese of the Edo period with a knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine, as well as Western surgical techniques he had learned through Rangaku.
Technology & innovation
Joseph Bramah invents the hydraulic press
A hydraulic press is a machine press using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force.
Thomas Saint invents the sewing machine
In 1790, the English inventor Thomas Saint invented the first sewing machine design, but he did not successfully advertise or market his invention. His machine was meant to be used on leather and canvas material.
John Wilkinson invents a boring machine that becomes perhaps humanity’s first machine tool
John “Iron-Mad” Wilkinson invented precision boring machine that could bore cast iron cylinders, such as those used in steam engines of James Watt.
William Cullen invents the first artificial refrigeration machine
Cullen used a pump to create a partial vacuum over a container of diethyl ether, which then boiled, absorbing heat from the surrounding air.
Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano
The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.
Wilhelm Schickard invents the mechanical calculator
His machine was composed of two sets of technologies: an abacus made of Napier’s bones and a dialed pedometer to perform additions and subtractions.
Jacob Nufer of Switzerland performs the first known Cesarean Section birth with both mother and baby surviving
Perhaps the first written record we have of a mother and baby surviving a cesarean section comes from Switzerland in 1500 when sow gelder, Jacob Nufer, performed the operation on his wife. The mother lived and subsequently gave birth normally to five children, including twins. The cesarean baby lived to be 77 years old.
Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press
A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. This was a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods.
Gersonides invents the Jacob's staff
In its most basic form, a Jacob’s staff is a stick or pole with length markings; most staffs are much more complicated than that, and usually contain a number of measurement and stabilization features.