Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt (at least as far back as the First Dynasty), as the papyrus plant was once abundant across the Nile Delta. Apart from a writing material, ancient Egyptians employed papyrus in the construction of other artifacts, such as reed boats, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.
The Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan. It flourished from around 2500 B.C.E. to 1500 B.C.E. in ancient Nubia, located in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan.
The Sumerian King List is unsurprisingly filled with the names of men: Alulim, Hadanish, Zizi, and many others. But alongside its male monarchs, the world’s first known civilization also produced a woman who is often considered the first female monarch: Kubaba, who brewed and sold beer in the ancient city of Kish in Mesopotamia. However, some scholars question Kubaba’s historicity, and it is quite possible that there were earlier female rulers we have no record of.
Two of the oldest known literary works are the “Kesh Temple Hymn” and the “Instructions of Shuruppak,” both of which exist in written versions dating to around 2500 B.C.E.
The earliest known docks were those discovered in Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient Egyptian harbor dating from 2500 B.C.E. located on the Red Sea coast.
Black pepper is native to Kerala in Southwestern India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropica regions.
The Hồng Bàng dynasty was a legendary, semimythical period in Vietnamese history spanning from the political union in 2879 B.C.E. of many tribes of the northern Red River Valley to the conquest by An Dương Vương in 258 B.C.E.
The earliest known cultures in Greenland are the Saqqaq culture (2500–800 B.C.E.) and the Independence I culture in northern Greenland (2400–1300 B.C.E.). The practitioners of these two cultures are thought to have descended from separate groups that came to Greenland from northern Canada.
Caral was a large settlement in the Supe Valley, near Supe, Barranca Province, Peru. Caral is the most ancient city of the Americas and a well-studied site of the Norte Chico civilization.
The first, and largest, pyramid at Giza was built by the pharaoh Khufu (reign started around 2551 B.C.).
